Chunks

Introduction †

Asian Institute of Technology Language Center, Writing up research: introductions(http://www.languages.ait.ac.th/el21int.htm )を参考にしています。

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Establish the field by: †

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Claiming centrality (why this field of study is important) †

  • Very explicitly now, energy policy is addressing environmental issues and energy conservation has come to be regarded as an important element of environmental policy (Fukasaku, 1995). [Lee and Koh, 2002, p.1151]
  • According to the current situation, concern for environmental preservation has increased the demand for more efficient management and environmentally sound and sustainable development of nuclear energy. [Lee and Koh, 2002, p.1151]
  • Thus, the problem of how to manage spent fuel in the interim, before a permanent solution is agreed upon, is an important issue for all countries that use nuclear power. [Macfarlane, 2001, p.1379]
  • Approaches to learning and the complex interaction of the environment, personal factors, and opportunities are known to affect undergraduate learning. [Delva, M.D. et al., 2002]
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Moving from general to specific †

  • These problems can be classified as internal and external barriers. [Kasje, W.N. et al., 2005]
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Reviewing relevant items of previous research †

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Define a research problem by: †

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Indicating a gap †

  • ... the lack of domestic energy resources; however, it has not yet determined the nuclear energy policy relating to recycling or direct disposal of spent nuclear fuels. So it is necessary to develop and apply an appropriate environmental management tool ... . [Lee and Koh, 2002, p.1151]
  • To our knowledge, no study has tried to assess the relationship between (A) and (B). Better understanding of this relation may help to indicate areas in which an intervention could be most beneficial. [Kasje, W.N. et al., 2005]
  • There is little empirical research to show that this is the approach used by practising physicians. [Delva, M.D. et al., 2002]
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Raising a question †

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Continuing a previously developed line of inquiry †

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Counter-claiming (disagreeing with an existing/accepted approach) †

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Propose a solution by: †

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Outlining purpose/setting objectives †

  • For that, a systematic research process is needed. This article is part of that process. [Galtung, 1990, p.291]
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Announcing present research (methodology) †

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Announcing principal findings (results) †

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Indicating the structure of the research †

  • The dissertation consists of six chapters. The first chapter, namely the present chapter, addresses the background, objectives and structure. This is followed by a description of the research methodology. And then, the third and forth chapters profile ... and ... respectively. After that, ... are predicted and implications are offered as well. Finally, conclusions are made to summarise whole dissertation and present implications for future research.
  • ... This is extended in the next chapter, the literature review, which focuses on ... .
  • Following this, the method and the framework, which ..., are illustrated in the research methodology chapter.
  • Finally, the fourth and the fifth chapters focus on ..., and conclusions are drawn to summarise the whole dissertation and offer ... and implications for future research.
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Indicating directions for further research †

  • One place to start would be to clarify 'cultural violence' by searching for its negation. [Galtung, 1990, p.291]
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Indicating benefits of current research †

  • The study of cultural violence highlights the way in which the act of direct violence and the fact of structural violence are legitimized and thus rendered acceptable in society. [Galtung, 1990, p.292]
  • To address the spent fuel storage issue, this paper will provide such a cost comparison. [Macfarlane, 2001, p.1380]
  • Although the case presented in this paper specially addresses the situation in the United States, this analysis will provide a template discussion that is applicable to the situations in other countries. [Macfarlane, 2001, p.1380]
  • The discussion in this paper should clarify the costs to be paid and will suggest alternative solutions to the spent fuel problem. [Macfarlane, 2001, p.1380]